It is one to determine whether a fetus is likely to have Downs Syndrome or a number of other birth defects. A long needle is used to draw fluid from the placenta for testing and is administered early in a pregnancy. Generally these are given to mothers who are over 35 years of age (where statistically the chances rise dramatically for birth defects,) or who have a history of problem pregnancies.|||Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities. Early in pregnancy, it's used for diagnosis of chromosomal and other fetal problems such as: Down syndrome (trisomy 21) Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18 Fragile X Rare, inherited metabolic disorders Neural tube defects (anencephaly and spina bifida) by alpha-fetoprotein levels.[3] Later on, it also can be used to detect problems such as: Infection Rh incompatibility Prediction of lung maturity Decompression of polyhydramnios

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